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DBMS > DuckDB vs. HyperSQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. HyperSQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orghsqldb.orgwww.postgresql.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software Foundation
Initial release201820011989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2014
Current release1.0.0, June 20242.7.2, June 202316.3, May 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaCScala
Server operating systemsserver-lessAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava, SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
DuckDBHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBPostgreSQLSpark SQL
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