DBMS > DuckDB vs. HyperSQL vs. IBM Db2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. HyperSQL vs. IBM Db2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Common in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/Linux

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Since Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDB

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
RDF store

in Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS

with Db2 Spatial Extender

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	3.23
Rank	#93	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS

Score	125.90
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Score	636.25
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	1.80
Rank	#138	Overall
	#13	Graph DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

hsqldb.org

www.ibm.com/products/db2

www.postgresql.org

www.tigergraph.com

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

www.ibm.com/docs/en/db2

www.postgresql.org/docs

docs.tigergraph.com

Developer

IBM

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Initial release

2018

2001

1983

host version

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2017

Current release

0.10, February 2024

2.7.2, June 2023

12.1, October 2016

16.3, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

free version is available

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

server-less

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language (GSQL)

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries

MongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

only with Windows/Unix/Linux Version

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

with separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

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