DBMS > DuckDB vs. Hive vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Hive vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	61.17
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1083.74
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

hive.apache.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.mysql.com

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

dev.mysql.com/doc

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Microsoft

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Initial release

2018

2012

1989

1995

Current release

0.10, February 2024

3.1.3, April 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

8.4.0, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

server-less

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C++
Java
PHP
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

proprietary syntax

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

selectable replication factor

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

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