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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchFully managed big data interactive analytics platformRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score0.46
Rank#265  Overall
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websiteduckdb.orggithub.com/­spotify/­heroicazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerrdf4j.org
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperSpotifyMicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release2018201420192004
Current release1.0.0, June 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia Elasticsearchall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
DuckDBHeroicMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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