DBMS > DuckDB vs. HarperDB vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. HarperDB vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.

Common in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/Linux

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Since Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDB

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
RDF store

in Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS

with Db2 Spatial Extender

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	0.60
Rank	#244	Overall
	#38	Document stores

Score	125.90
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#316	Overall
	#27	Graph DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

www.harperdb.io

www.ibm.com/products/db2

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

terminusdb.com

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

docs.harperdb.io/docs

www.ibm.com/docs/en/db2

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

HarperDB

IBM

Microsoft

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

2018

2017

1983

host version

1989

2018

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

3.1, August 2021

12.1, October 2016

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

free community edition available

commercial

free version is available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Node.js

C and C++

C++

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

server-less

Linux
OS X

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON data types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like data manipulation statements

yes

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket

ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries

MongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift

C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Custom Functions

since release 3.1

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

A table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster

Sharding

only with Windows/Unix/Linux Version

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

the nodes on which a table resides can be defined

yes

with separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic execution of specific operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, using LMDB

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

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