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DBMS > DuckDB vs. H2 vs. OrientDB vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. H2 vs. OrientDB vs. RDFox

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Score0.29
Rank#300  Overall
#24  Graph DBMS
#13  RDF stores
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.h2database.comorientdb.orgwww.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmldocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperThomas MuellerOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPOxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release2018200520102017
Current release1.0.0, June 20242.2.220, July 20233.2.29, March 20246.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache version 2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsserver-lessAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesSQL-like query language, no joinsno
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, Javascript
TriggersnoyesHooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replicationreplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableRoles, resources, and access types

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More resources
DuckDBH2OrientDBRDFox
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Recent citations in the news

MotherDuck Announces General Availability; Brings Simplicity and Power of DuckDB in a Serverless Data Warehouse
11 June 2024, PR Newswire

DuckDB promises greater stability with 1.0 release
5 June 2024, The Register

DuckDB: The tiny but powerful analytics database
15 May 2024, InfoWorld

DuckDB: In-Process Python Analytics for Not-Quite-Big Data
31 May 2024, The New Stack

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5 March 2024, Datanami

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