DBMS > DuckDB vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Qdrant

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Qdrant

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matching

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Vector DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	1.16
Rank	#175	Overall
	#6	Vector DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

www.h2database.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

github.com/qdrant/qdrant
qdrant.tech

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

qdrant.tech/documentation

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

Qdrant

Initial release

2018

2005

2014

2021

Current release

0.10, February 2024

2.2.220, July 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Rust

Server operating systems

server-less

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

Numbers, Strings, Geo, Boolean

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

Keywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

OpenAPI 3.0

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

Java

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

JavaScript

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Collection-level replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Eventual Consistency, tunable consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Key-based authentication

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