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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HyperSQL vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HyperSQL vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablehsqldb.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperGoogleApache Software Foundation
Initial release2018201520012014
Current release1.0.0, June 20242.7.2, June 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaScala
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoJava, SQLno
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesnonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
DuckDBGoogle Cloud BigtableHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBSpark SQL
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