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DBMS > DuckDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. SurrealDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticssurrealdb.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticssurrealdb.com/­docs
DeveloperFoundationDBMicrosoftSurrealDB Ltd
Initial release2018201320162022
Current release0.10, February 20246.2.28, November 2020v1.5.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C++Rust
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyessupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#
Java
PHP
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlyTransact SQL
Triggersnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlyno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoyesyes, based on authentication and database rules

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More resources
DuckDBFoundationDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseSurrealDB
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