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DBMS > DuckDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Graph Engine vs. Ingres

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Graph Engine vs. Ingres

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineWell established RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score0.67
Rank#232  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.graphengine.iowww.actian.com/­databases/­ingres
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.actian.com/­ingres
DeveloperFoundationDBMicrosoftActian Corporation
Initial release2018201320101974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s
Current release1.0.0, June 20246.2.28, November 202011.2, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT Licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++.NET and CC
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
OS X
Windows
.NETAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available
Secondary indexesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyessupported in specific SQL layer onlynoyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlyyesyes
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesIngres Replicator
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes infoMVCC
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DuckDBFoundationDBGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityIngres
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