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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. MarkLogic vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. MarkLogic vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonHawkular Metrics  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Hawkular metrics is the metric storage of the Red Hat sponsored Hawkular monitoring system. It is based on Cassandra.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeTime Series DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score0.00
Rank#379  Overall
#40  Time Series DBMS
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteduckdb.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasewww.hawkular.orgwww.marklogic.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasewww.hawkular.org/­hawkular-metrics/­docs/­user-guidedocs.marklogic.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014Community supported by Red HatMarkLogic Corp.OpenLink Software
Initial release20182012201420011998
Current release0.10, February 202411.0, December 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++C
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnonoyes infoSQL92yes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP RESTJava API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
Go
Java
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnolimited functionality with using 'rules'noyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesyes infovia Hawkular Alertingyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infobased on CassandraShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneselectable replication factor infobased on CassandrayesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Eventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesnoACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes, with Range Indexesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyes, based on authentication and database rulesnoRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
DuckDBFirebase Realtime DatabaseHawkular MetricsMarkLogicVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
DuckDBFirebase Realtime DatabaseHawkular MetricsMarkLogicVirtuoso
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