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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Postgres-XL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodesBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score2.95
Rank#100  Overall
#17  Document stores
#17  Key-value stores
#50  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosqlwww.postgres-xl.org
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.htmlwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsMicrosoftOracle
Initial release2012201920112014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB
Current release29.0.1, April 2024cloud service with continuous releases23.3, December 202310 R1, October 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2commercialOpen Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)Open Source infoMozilla public license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
hostedLinux
Solaris SPARC/x86
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesoptionalyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionality
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infodistributed, parallel query execution
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnouser defined functions
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardinghorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkwith Hadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)ACID infoMVCC
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infooff heap cacheno
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache DruidMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOracle NoSQLPostgres-XL
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