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DBMS > Drizzle vs. Geode vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Drizzle vs. Geode vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDrizzle  Xexclude from comparisonGeode  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionMySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility.Geode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processesA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.86
Rank#134  Overall
#24  Key-value stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitegeode.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ontotext.comrdf4j.org
Technical documentationgeode.apache.org/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationrdf4j.org/­documentation
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperDrizzle project, originally started by Brian AkerOriginally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.GoogleOntotextSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20082002201720002004
Current release7.2.4, September 20121.1, February 201710.4, October 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGNU GPLOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfirecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaJavaJava
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
All OS with a Java VM infothe JDK (8 or later) is also requiredhostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like query language (OQL)yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCno
APIs and other access methodsJDBCJava Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC
C++
Java
PHP
.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyes
Triggersno infohooks for callbacks inside the server can be used.yes infoCache Event Listenersnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoConstraint checking
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes, on a single nodeACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlPluggable authentication mechanisms infoe.g. LDAP, HTTPAccess rights per client and object definableAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.no
More information provided by the system vendor
DrizzleGeodeGoogle Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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More resources
DrizzleGeodeGoogle Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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