DBMS > Dgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NuoDB vs. PouchDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NuoDB vs. PouchDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.89
Rank	#198	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	2.28
Rank	#115	Overall
	#21	Document stores

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

dgraph.io

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

pouchdb.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

doc.nuodb.com

pouchdb.com/guides

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Microsoft

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2016

1989

2013

2012

2019

Current release

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

7.1.1, June 2019

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

JavaScript

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST

only for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Java, SQL

View functions in JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Sharding

with a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

Multi-source replication

also with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication

also with CouchDB databases

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

tunable commit protocol

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

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