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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. OpenTSDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. OpenTSDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonOpenTSDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerScalable Time Series DBMS based on HBaseWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score1.68
Rank#142  Overall
#12  Time Series DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitedgraph.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsopentsdb.netwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsopentsdb.net/­docs/­build/­html/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.Microsoftcurrently maintained by Yahoo and other contributorsPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2016201620111989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2019
Current release16.3, May 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoLGPLOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++JavaCClojure
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnumeric data for metrics, strings for tagsyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API
Telnet API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Erlang
Go
Java
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnononoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding infobased on HBasepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftyesselectable replication factor infobased on HBaseSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infobased on HBaseImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesyesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DgraphMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseOpenTSDBPostgreSQLXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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