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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. TerminusDB vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. TerminusDB vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSGraph DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
RDF store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.89
Rank#198  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#325  Overall
#29  Graph DBMS
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Websitedgraph.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databaseterminusdb.comwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.nuodb.comterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#docs.timescale.com
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.MicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.DataChemist Ltd.Timescale
Initial release20162019201320182017
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases11.0.0, January 20232.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoGPL V3Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++Prolog, RustC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesSQL-like query language (WOQL)yes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
JavaScript
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, SQLyesuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenGraph Partitioningyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBJournaling StreamsSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infotunable commit protocolACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journalingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoTemporary tableno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAzure Active Directory AuthenticationStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative UsersRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DgraphMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNuoDBTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistTimescaleDB
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