DBMS > Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. SQLite vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. SQLite vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	0.89
Rank	#198	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	114.32
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	0.17
Rank	#325	Overall
	#29	Graph DBMS

Website

dgraph.io

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

www.sqlite.org

terminusdb.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

doc.nuodb.com

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Microsoft

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Dwayne Richard Hipp

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

2016

2019

2013

2000

2018

Current release

cloud service with continuous releases

3.45.3 (15 April 2024), April 2024

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

dynamic column types

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

Java, SQL

yes

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

none

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

none

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

tunable commit protocol

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Azure Active Directory Authentication

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

Role-based access control

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