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DBMS > Dgraph vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP SQL Anywhere

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP SQL Anywhere

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSIn-memory JavaScript DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLRDBMS database and synchronization technologies for server, desktop, remote office, and mobile environments
Primary database modelGraph DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#260  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score3.95
Rank#80  Overall
#42  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iogithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sql-anywhere.html
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docstechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.org/­docshelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_SQL_Anywhere
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.MicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSAP infoformerly Sybase
Initial release2016201420191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL1992
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases16.3, May 202417, July 2015
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaScriptC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewsall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JavaScript APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
JavaScript.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoView functions in JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes, in C/C++, Java, .Net or Perl
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication infoDatabase mirroring
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoatomic operations within a single collection possiblenoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesnoAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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