DBMS > Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. VoltDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. VoltDB vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	1.44
Rank	#158	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

dgraph.io

github.com/google/leveldb

www.voltdb.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.voltdb.com

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

VoltDB Inc.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2016

2011

2010

2019

Current release

1.23, February 2021

11.3, April 2022

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java, C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X

for development

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

Snapshots and command logging

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources

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