DBMS > Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Postgres-XL vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Postgres-XL vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.49
Rank	#256	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Website

dgraph.io

github.com/google/leveldb

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.postgres-xl.org

www.mireo.com/spacetime

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

Microsoft

Mireo

Initial release

2016

2011

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

2020

Current release

1.23, February 2021

10 R1, October 2018

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

Mozilla public license

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
macOS

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C#
C++
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

user defined functions

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning

Fixed-grid hypercubes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

MVCC

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

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