DBMS > Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutions

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	2.32
Rank	#112	Overall
	#55	Relational DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.35
Rank	#278	Overall
	#43	Document stores
	#127	Relational DBMS

Website

dgraph.io

github.com/google/leveldb

maxdb.sap.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

github.com/ydb-platform/ydb
ydb.tech

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

maxdb.sap.com/documentation

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

ydb.tech/en/docs

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

SAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997

Microsoft

Yandex

Initial release

2016

2011

1984

2014

2019

Current release

1.23, February 2021

7.9.10.12, February 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Limited community edition free

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0; commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

SQL-like query language (YQL)

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

none

Source-replica replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Active-passive shard replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Access rights defined for Yandex Cloud users

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