DBMS > Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store

as of version 7
Search engine

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	5.92
Rank	#58	Overall
	#10	Document stores
	#1	Native XML DBMS
	#1	RDF stores
	#6	Search engines

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	1.44
Rank	#158	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Website

dgraph.io

github.com/google/leveldb

www.marklogic.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.voltdb.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.marklogic.com

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.voltdb.com

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

MarkLogic Corp.

Microsoft

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

2016

2011

2001

2014

2010

Current release

1.23, February 2021

11.0, December 2022

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java, C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

schema-free

Schema can be enforced

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL92

SQL-like query language

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API

Proprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

via XQuery or JavaScript

JavaScript

Java

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

can act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes, with Range Indexes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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