DBMS > Dgraph vs. Ingres vs. Kinetica vs. MySQL vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Ingres vs. Kinetica vs. MySQL vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Well established RDBMS

Fully vectorized database across both GPUs and CPUs

Widely used open source RDBMS

Widely used in-process key-value store

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.64
Rank	#236	Overall
	#109	Relational DBMS

Score	1083.74
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	2.21
Rank	#117	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Website

dgraph.io

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.kinetica.com

www.mysql.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.kinetica.com

dev.mysql.com/doc

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Actian Corporation

Kinetica

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Initial release

2016

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2012

1995

1994

Current release

11.2, May 2022

7.1, August 2021

8.4.0, April 2024

18.1.40, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C, C++

C and C++

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

yes

proprietary syntax

Triggers

yes

triggers when inserted values for one or more columns fall within a specified range

yes

only for the SQL API

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

Ingres Replicator

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

GPU vRAM or System RAM

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles on table level

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

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