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DBMS > Dgraph vs. InfluxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. InfluxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RethinkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonInfluxDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSDBMS for storing time series, events and metricsFully managed big data interactive analytics platformMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.
Primary database modelGraph DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infowith GEO packageDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score25.83
Rank#28  Overall
#1  Time Series DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score2.74
Rank#105  Overall
#19  Document stores
Websitedgraph.iowww.influxdata.com/­products/­influxdb-overviewazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverrethinkdb.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsdocs.influxdata.com/­influxdbdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverrethinkdb.com/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.MicrosoftMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017
Initial release20162013201919892009
Current release2.7.6, April 2024cloud service with continuous releasesSQL Server 2022, November 20222.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT-License; commercial enterprise version availablecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageGoGoC++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X infothrough Homebrew
hostedLinux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesNumeric data and Stringsyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometry
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesno
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
HTTP API
JSON over UDP
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesClient-side triggers through changefeeds
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesSharding infoin enterprise version onlySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding inforange based
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftselectable replication factor infoin enterprise version onlyyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDAtomic single-document operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoMVCC based
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infoDepending on used storage enginenoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasessimple rights management via user accountsAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousers and table-level permissions
More information provided by the system vendor
DgraphInfluxDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft SQL ServerRethinkDB
Specific characteristicsInfluxData is the creator of InfluxDB , the open source time series database. It...
» more
Competitive advantagesTime to Value InfluxDB is available in all the popular languages and frameworks,...
» more
Typical application scenariosIoT & Sensor Monitoring Developers are witnessing the instrumentation of every available...
» more
Key customersInfluxData has more than 1,900 paying customers, including customers include MuleSoft,...
» more
Market metricsFastest-growing database to drive 27,500 GitHub stars Over 750,000 daily active instances
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source core with closed source clustering available either on-premise or on...
» more
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More resources
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