DBMS > Dgraph vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Snowflake vs. Teradata Aster

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Snowflake vs. Teradata Aster

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Platform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and types

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Website

dgraph.io

hsqldb.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Microsoft

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Teradata

Initial release

2016

2001

1989

2014

2005

Current release

2.7.2, June 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Linux
Windows

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

defined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Store

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

in Aster File Store

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions

R packages

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

yes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes

Dimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

SQL Map-Reduce Framework

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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