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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Hazelcast vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Tarantool

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Hazelcast vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Tarantool

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTarantool  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA widely adopted in-memory data gridWell established RDBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformIn-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS infowith Tarantool/GIS extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score5.46
Rank#61  Overall
#7  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score1.67
Rank#143  Overall
#25  Document stores
#25  Key-value stores
#65  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iohazelcast.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.tarantool.io
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docshazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.tarantool.io/­en/­doc
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.HazelcastActian CorporationMicrosoftVK
Initial release201620081974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20192008
Current release5.3.6, November 202311.2, May 2022cloud service with continuous releases2.10.0, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaCC and C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedBSD
Linux
macOS
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Flexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesstring, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyno infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetFull-featured ANSI SQL support
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Open binary protocol
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RLua, C and SQL stored procedures
Triggersnoyes infoEventsyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftyes infoReplicated MapIngres Replicatoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Asynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Casual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition infowhen using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition infowhen using Raft
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACIDnoACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes, cooperative multitasking
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, write ahead logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles

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More resources
DgraphHazelcastIngresMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTarantool
DB-Engines blog posts

Data processing speed and reliability: in-memory synchronous replication
9 November 2021,  Vladimir Perepelytsya, Tarantool (sponsor) 

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