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DBMS > Dgraph vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQLA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelGraph DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument storeGraph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.05
Rank#358  Overall
#36  Graph DBMS
#16  Object oriented DBMS
Websitedgraph.iohbase.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­torodb/­servervelocitydb.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docshbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorervelocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.Apache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMicrosoft8KdataVelocityDB Inc
Initial release20162008201920162011
Current release2.3.4, January 2021cloud service with continuous releases7.x
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaJavaC#
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VMAny that supports .NET
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free, schema definition possibleFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_idyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.Net
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoCoprocessors in JavaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)nonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and rolesBased on Windows Authentication

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More resources
DgraphHBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerToroDBVelocityDB
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