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DBMS > Dgraph vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableFully managed big data interactive analytics platformNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.
Primary database modelGraph DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score27.97
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score0.03
Rank#392  Overall
#8  Spatial DBMS
Websitedgraph.iohbase.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasewww.mireo.com/­spacetime
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docshbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.nuodb.com
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.Apache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.Mireo
Initial release20162008201920132020
Current release2.3.4, January 2021cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercial infolimited edition freecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaC++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
hostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free, schema definition possibleFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoCoprocessors in JavaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, SQLno
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenFixed-grid hypercubes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBReal-time block device replication (DRBD)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)noACID infotunable commit protocolno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes infoTemporary tableno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACAzure Active Directory AuthenticationStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersyes

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More resources
DgraphHBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNuoDBSpaceTime
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