DBMS > Dgraph vs. H2 vs. MarkLogic vs. Riak KV vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. H2 vs. MarkLogic vs. Riak KV vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database

Distributed, fault tolerant key-value store

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store

as of version 7
Search engine

Key-value store

with links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexes

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	5.92
Rank	#58	Overall
	#10	Document stores
	#1	Native XML DBMS
	#1	RDF stores
	#6	Search engines

Score	4.10
Rank	#82	Overall
	#9	Key-value stores

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.marklogic.com

www.tiot.jp/riak-docs/riak/kv/latest

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Thomas Mueller

MarkLogic Corp.

OpenSource, formerly Basho Technologies

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2016

2005

2001

2009

2010

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

11.0, December 2022

3.2.0, December 2022

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache version 2, commercial enterprise edition

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Erlang

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL92

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API

Proprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT

HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

unofficial client library
C#
C++

unofficial client library
Clojure

unofficial client library
Dart

unofficial client library
Erlang
Go

unofficial client library
Groovy

unofficial client library
Haskell

unofficial client library
Java
JavaScript

unofficial client library
Lisp

unofficial client library
Perl

unofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

unofficial client library
Smalltalk

unofficial client library

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

via XQuery or JavaScript

Erlang

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

pre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

links between data sets can be stored

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

can act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

yes, with Range Indexes

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels

yes, using Riak Security

Access rights for users and roles

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