DBMS > Dgraph vs. H2 vs. HugeGraph vs. Lovefield vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. H2 vs. HugeGraph vs. Lovefield vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#336	Overall
	#32	Graph DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	4.66
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Website

dgraph.io

www.h2database.com

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

google.github.io/lovefield

pingcap.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Thomas Mueller

Baidu

Google

PingCAP, Inc.

Initial release

2016

2005

2018

2014

2016

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

0.9

2.1.12, February 2017

8.0.0, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.

Implementation language

Java

JavaScript

Go, Rust

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
macOS
Unix

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

yes

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java

Groovy
Java
Python

JavaScript

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

none

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

via hugegraph-spark

yes

with TiSpark Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

yes

full support since version 6.6

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users, roles and permissions

Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more

Competitive advantages

- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more

Typical application scenarios

TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more

Key customers

Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more

Market metrics

34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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