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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Spark SQL vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Spark SQL vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­spannerspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlwww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleApache Software FoundationDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release2016201720142000
Current release3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20233.45.3  (15 April 2024), April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoScalaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
server-less
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononono
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingyes, utilizing Spark Corenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.nonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nono

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3rd partiesNavicat for SQLite is a powerful and comprehensive SQLite GUI that provides a complete set of functions for database management and development.
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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerSpark SQLSQLite
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