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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TypeDB vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TypeDB vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query languageA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Graph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#106  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#354  Overall
#37  Graph DBMS
#15  Object oriented DBMS
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­spannerwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servertypedb.comvelocitydb.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-servertypedb.com/­docsvelocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleMicrosoftVaticleVelocityDB Inc
Initial release20162017198920162011
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 20222.26.3, January 20247.x
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++JavaC#
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Any that supports .NET
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesnono
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
.Net
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javanono
TriggersnonoyesnoCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding infoby using CassandraSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeperno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno infosubstituted by the relationship featureno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progressBased on Windows Authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
DgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft SQL ServerTypeDB infoformerly named GraknVelocityDB
Specific characteristicsTypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesTypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft SQL ServerTypeDB infoformerly named GraknVelocityDB
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