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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Well established RDBMSWidely used in-process key-value storeSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­spannerwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleActian CorporationOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleApache Software Foundation
Initial release201620171974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s19942014
Current release11.2, May 202218.1.40, May 20203.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoCC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)Scala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesnono
Triggersnonoyesyes infoonly for the SQL APIno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Ingres ReplicatorSource-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono

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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerIngresOracle Berkeley DBSpark SQL
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