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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HEAVY.AI vs. InterSystems IRIS vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HEAVY.AI vs. InterSystems IRIS vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonInterSystems IRIS  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareA containerised multi-model DBMS, interoperability and analytics data platform with wide capabilities for vertical and horizontal scalabilityVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score1.64
Rank#145  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score3.54
Rank#84  Overall
#14  Document stores
#10  Key-value stores
#1  Object oriented DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
www.intersystems.com/­products/­intersystems-irisvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.heavy.aidocs.intersystems.com/­irislatest/­csp/­docbook/­DocBook.UI.Page.clsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleHEAVY.AI, Inc.InterSystemsOpenLink Software
Initial release20162017201620181998
Current release5.10, January 20222023.3, June 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++ and CUDAC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinuxAIX
Linux
macOS
Ubuntu
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesdepending on used data modelyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
.Net
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnononoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingSharding infoRound robinShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationSource-replica replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
DgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022InterSystems IRISVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsInterSystems IRIS is a complete cloud-first data platform which includes a multi-model...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022InterSystems IRISVirtuoso
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