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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HBase vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HBase vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­spannerhbase.apache.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshbase.apache.org/­book.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetApache Software Foundation
Initial release2016201720082014
Current release2.3.4, January 20213.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaScala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free, schema definition possibleyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infoCoprocessors in Javano
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)no
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACno

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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerHBaseSpark SQL
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