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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graph Engine vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graph Engine vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Key-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­spannerwww.graphengine.iogithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.immudb.iodocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleMicrosoftCodenotaryMicrosoft
Initial release20162017201020202016
Current release1.2.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGo.NET and CGoC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted.NETBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noSQL-like syntaxyes
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIgRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesnoTransact SQL
Triggersnonononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardinghorizontal partitioningShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yes

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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityImmudbMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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