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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. JSqlDb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. JSqlDb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Firestore  Xexclude from comparisonJSqlDb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
JSqlDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSCloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.JavaScript Query Language Database, stores JavaScript objects and primitivesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMSDocument storeDocument store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score7.36
Rank#53  Overall
#9  Document stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iofirebase.google.com/­products/­firestorejsqldb.org (offline)azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsfirebase.google.com/­docs/­firestoredocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleKonrad von BackstromMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20162017201820191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release0.8, December 2018cloud service with continuous releases16.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnononoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python
JavaScript.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functionsfunctions in JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyes, with Cloud Functionsnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replicationnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoUsing Cloud DataflownoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.Azure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud FirestoreJSqlDbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgreSQL
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