DBMS > Dgraph vs. etcd vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. SAP HANA vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. etcd vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. SAP HANA vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Key-value store

Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	7.03
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	3.15
Rank	#95	Overall
	#14	Key-value stores
	#8	Wide column stores

Score	44.27
Rank	#23	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

dgraph.io

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

cloud.google.com/bigtable

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs

help.sap.com/hana

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

SAP

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2016

2015

2010

2019

Current release

3.4, August 2019

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

hosted

Appliance or cloud-service

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

SQLScript, R

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

Sharding

yes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones

yes

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic single-row operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

yes

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