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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MarkLogic vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MarkLogic vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.39
Rank#155  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.97
Rank#92  Overall
#15  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score4.15
Rank#70  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#8  Search engines
Score0.72
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.progress.com/­marklogicrdf4j.org
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.progress.com/­marklogic/­documentationrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleMarkLogic Corp.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release2016201520012004
Current release11.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infoSQL92no
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptyes
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsno

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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud BigtableMarkLogicRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
Conferences, events and webinars

Progress MarkLogic World
Washington DC, 23-25 September 2024

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1 September 2020, AWS Blog

Graph Database Market size to grow by USD 7.40 billion between 2022 - 2027 | Growth Driven by Lack of standardization and programming flexibility - Technavio
13 December 2023, Yahoo Finance

Dgraph raises $11.5 million for scalable graph database solutions
31 July 2019, VentureBeat

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