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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#354  Overall
#37  Graph DBMS
#15  Object oriented DBMS
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorervelocitydb.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorervelocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleThomas MuellerMicrosoftVelocityDB Inc
Initial release20162015200520192011
Current release2.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases7.x
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaC#
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VMhostedAny that supports .NET
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.Net
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnonoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationBased on Windows Authentication

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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud BigtableH2Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerVelocityDB
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