DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google BigQuery vs. NuoDB vs. Oracle Coherence vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google BigQuery vs. NuoDB vs. Oracle Coherence vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Oracles in-memory data grid solution

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	60.38
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	0.89
Rank	#198	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	1.92
Rank	#130	Overall
	#22	Key-value stores

Score	4.26
Rank	#78	Overall
	#13	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#42	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Website

dgraph.io

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

www.oracle.com/java/coherence

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

doc.nuodb.com

docs.oracle.com/en/middleware/standalone/coherence

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Oracle

OpenLink Software

Initial release

2016

2010

2013

2007

1998

Current release

14.1, August 2023

7.2.11, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JCache
JPA
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C++
Java

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Java, SQL

yes

Virtuoso PL

Triggers

yes

Live Events

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

yes, with selectable consistency level

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

tunable commit protocol

configurable

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optionally

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

authentification to access the cache via certificates or http basic authentication

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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