DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google BigQuery vs. Ingres vs. JanusGraph vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google BigQuery vs. Ingres vs. JanusGraph vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Well established RDBMS

A Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters

It was forked from the latest code base of Titan in January 2017

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	60.38
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	1.94
Rank	#129	Overall
	#12	Graph DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

dgraph.io

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

janusgraph.org

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.janusgraph.org

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

Actian Corporation

Linux Foundation; originally developed as Titan by Aurelius

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2016

2010

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2017

2004

Current release

11.2, May 2022

0.6.3, February 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

Clojure
Java
Python

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

yes

depending on the used storage backend (e.g. Cassandra, HBase, BerkeleyDB)

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

Ingres Replicator

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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