DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google BigQuery vs. H2 vs. KairosDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google BigQuery vs. H2 vs. KairosDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Distributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	58.10
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.67
Rank	#233	Overall
	#20	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

dgraph.io

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.h2database.com

github.com/kairosdb/kairosdb

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

kairosdb.github.io

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

Thomas Mueller

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2016

2010

2005

2013

2019

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

1.2.2, November 2018

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java

Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

Sharding

based on Cassandra

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

selectable replication factor

based on Cassandra

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

based on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency

based on Cassandra

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

simple password-based access control

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