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DBMS > Dgraph vs. GBase vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. KeyDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. GBase vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. KeyDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGBase  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonKeyDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSWidely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.An ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocolsFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Key-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#185  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.71
Rank#226  Overall
#33  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iowww.gbase.cncloud.google.com/­bigtablegithub.com/­Snapchat/­KeyDB
keydb.dev
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.keydb.devdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.General Data Technology Co., Ltd.GoogleEQ Alpha Technology Ltd.Microsoft
Initial release20162004201520192019
Current releaseGBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8ccloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSD-3commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC, Java, PythonC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxhostedLinuxhosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnopartial infoSupported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes infoby using the Redis Search moduleall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoStandard with numerous extensionsnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Proprietary protocol infoRESP - REdis Serialization ProtocoMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsnoLuaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnoyesnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyeshorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftyesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsOptimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scriptsno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoConfigurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesyesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)simple password-based access control and ACLAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
DgraphGBaseGoogle Cloud BigtableKeyDBMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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