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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. PostGIS

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. PostGIS

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Spatial extension of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score21.72
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Websitedgraph.iowww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­spannerpostgis.net
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docspostgis.net/­documentation
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.ElasticGoogle
Initial release2016201020172005
Current release8.6, January 20233.4.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Source infoGPL v2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesnouser defined functions
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingShardingyes infobased on PostgreSQL
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infobased on PostgreSQL
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop Connectoryes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yes infobased on PostgreSQL

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More resources
DgraphElasticsearchGoogle Cloud SpannerPostGIS
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Dgraph on AWS: Setting up a horizontally scalable graph database
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