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DBMS > Dgraph vs. EJDB vs. Immudb vs. LokiJS vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. EJDB vs. Immudb vs. LokiJS vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonEJDB  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSEmbeddable document-store database library with JSON representation of queries (in MongoDB style)An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.In-memory JavaScript DBMSVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMSDocument storeKey-value storeDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score0.27
Rank#297  Overall
#44  Document stores
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score0.43
Rank#264  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitedgraph.iogithub.com/­Softmotions/­ejdbgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
github.com/­techfort/­LokiJSvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsgithub.com/­Softmotions/­ejdb/­blob/­master/­README.mddocs.immudb.iotechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.SoftmotionsCodenotaryOpenLink Software
Initial release20162012202020141998
Current release1.2.3, April 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open SourceOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoCGoJavaScriptC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
server-lessBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infostring, integer, double, bool, date, object_idnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes infovia viewsyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoSQL-like syntaxnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
in-process shared librarygRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
JavaScript APIADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Actionscript
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
Objective-C
Pike
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoView functions in JavaScriptyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnononoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnoneShardingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftnonenoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynono infotypically not needed, however similar functionality with collection joins possiblenonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno infoatomic operations within a single collection possibleACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoRead/Write Lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesnonoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
DgraphEJDBImmudbLokiJSVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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DgraphEJDBImmudbLokiJSVirtuoso
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