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DBMS > Dgraph vs. DuckDB vs. Graph Engine vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. DuckDB vs. Graph Engine vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineAn open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.ioduckdb.orgwww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsduckdb.org/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.MicrosoftHypertable Inc.Microsoft
Initial release20162018201020092016
Current release0.10, February 20240.9.8.11, March 2016
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++.NET and CC++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
server-less.NETLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnonoyes
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIC++ API
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesnoTransact SQL
Triggersnonononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnonehorizontal partitioningShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftnoneselectable replication factor on file system levelyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesnonoyes

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More resources
DgraphDuckDBGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityHypertableMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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