DBMS > Derby vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. RDF4J vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Derby vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. RDF4J vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

RDF store

Graph DBMS
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.60
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	3.05
Rank	#97	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#16	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

db.apache.org/derby

github.com/google/leveldb

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

rdf4j.org

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

db.apache.org/derby/manuals/index.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

rdf4j.org/documentation

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Google

Oracle

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Stardog-Union

Initial release

1997

2011

2004

2010

Current release

10.17.1.0, November 2023

1.23, February 2021

23.3, December 2023

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

optional

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

Java

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java
PHP
Python

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures

yes

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

none

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

off heap cache

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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