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DBMS > Derby vs. EventStoreDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Derby vs. EventStoreDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDB  Xexclude from comparisonEventStoreDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Industrial-strength, open-source database solution built from the ground up for event sourcing.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSEvent StoreRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.71
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score1.10
Rank#179  Overall
#1  Event Stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitedb.apache.org/­derbywww.eventstore.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerorientdb.orgwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationdb.apache.org/­derby/­manuals/­index.htmldevelopers.eventstore.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software FoundationEvent Store LimitedMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPStardog-Union
Initial release19972012201920102010
Current release10.17.1.0, November 202321.2, February 2021cloud service with continuous releases3.2.29, March 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesnono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language, no joinsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBCMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored ProceduresYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, Javascriptuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyHooksyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes inforelationship in graphsyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Derby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDBEventStoreDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOrientDBStardog
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