DBMS > Derby vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison Derby vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.60
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	19.93
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	44.27
Rank	#23	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Website

db.apache.org/derby

duckdb.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

Technical documentation

db.apache.org/derby/manuals/index.html

duckdb.org/docs

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

help.sap.com/hana

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Microsoft

SAP

Initial release

1997

2018

2016

1989

2010

Current release

10.17.1.0, November 2023

0.10, February 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

also available as a cloud based service

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Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

server-less

hosted

Linux
Windows

Appliance or cloud-service

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Java

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C#
Java
PHP

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures

Transact SQL

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

SQLScript, R

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

none

yes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

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